How to Leave Assets to Your Minor Children

Your children are your pride and joy. It is no surprise that at some point or another, every parent likely becomes concerned about who will care for a minor child or children if they die or are incapacitated. To provide financial security in the event of their untimely death, many parents purchase life insurance to replace their income and provide funds to care for their family. While it is true that life insurance is a particularly helpful financial tool to protect your loved ones, it is just as important to consider how to leave the proceeds to your minor or young adult children. Beyond this, you should also consider how to incorporate your retirement accounts (such as IRAs and 401(k)s) into your estate plan.

Once you decide to purchase life insurance you will name a beneficiary of the death benefits.  You also name a beneficiary on your retirement accounts.  But, if you fail to have a system in place and your children are minors at the time they inherit these assets, the court will appoint a property guardian or a conservator (the title depends on state law, but the role of this person is to “watch over” a minor person’s money). This process will require attorneys’ fees, court proceedings, supervision from the court, and will generally limit investment options — all costs and delays that will not help your children, but rather cost them a significant percentage of their inheritance. Another downside? Whatever’s left when the child becomes an adult (usually at age 18, but may be older, 19 or 21, in some states) will be handed over, without any guidance or boundaries. This can impact college financial aid opportunities as well as create a ready opportunity for irresponsible spending that most parents would never intend.

How Should You Leave Assets to Your Minor Children?

There are several ways in which you can structure your life insurance policies, retirement accounts, and overall estate plan to benefit your minor children in the most streamlined way possible.

1. Instead of naming minor children as beneficiaries, use a children’s trust to manage the money for the benefit of your children. This lets you designate someone you think will manage the money well, rather than leaving it to the whims of the court.

2. Select and name a guardian to handle the day-to-day care for your children. This person can be different than the person managing in the money, which can sometimes work well depending on the amounts involved and the different skill sets needed to manage money versus raise children.

3. If you have a living trust, make sure you have properly funded the trust and aligned your retirement assets with the plan. If you do not yet have a trust, consider the benefits of one over will-based planning. Both types of plans will allow you to designate how much and when your children will receive the money, but a trust-based plan will allow you to do so without court involvement.

Benefits of a Trust

Generally, parents list a minor child as the secondary or contingent beneficiary on life insurance and retirement accounts after first naming the surviving spouse as a primary beneficiary. This may work, if everyone dies in the “right” order and at the “right” time, but it’s a gamble. Providing structure through a trust for these inheritances is a vastly better option. Unlike guardianship or custodian accounts, where the proceeds must be handed over once the minor(s) turns a certain age, you can specify at which age your child receives the proceeds. This allows you to specifically designate how the money is to be used, so it will be available for the important life events, while protecting your children from reckless spending. Ultimately you have more control with a trust, and your customized plan will provide the best protection for your family.

If you have any questions about how to leave assets to your minor children — whether it is a life insurance policy, a retirement account, or any other asset – contact Littleton Legal today at (918) 608-1836.  Our expert estate planning attorneys can explain the options available to your family, determine what tax implications will result, and advise you on the best structure that will protect your family’s needs.