Six Steps to Forming an LLC

One of the first legal decisions to make when starting a business is what type of business entity to form. The limited liability company (LLC) is one of the most popular business structures because it offers a level of flexibility and legal protection that is attractive to many people who are starting their own businesses. The following six steps will help you get started if you are interested in forming an LLC.

1. Choose a name. To form an LLC, you must select a business name that complies with state regulations. The name you select cannot be the same as or even too similar to any other LLC’s name; it must be unique to avoid consumer confusion. Next, states often require that the name of your LLC include one of the following at the end: “limited liability company,” “LLC,” or “Limited.” This requirement gives the public notice of your business structure. As simplistic as this step may seem, it is critical to successfully establishing an LLC and being able to take advantage of the legal protections this business structure provides.
2. Select a registered agent. In addition to selecting an appropriate name, you must select a registered agent. A registered agent, also known as a statutory agent, is the party appointed to receive service of process and communication from your state’s secretary of state. Registered agents must provide an address where important correspondence can be sent. Typically, post office boxes are not acceptable places for a registered agent to receive these communications—rather, a physical address is usually required so the agent can receive service of process. When deciding who should serve as the registered agent, keep in mind that the registered agent will typically be the first person to whom the state reaches out if any issues arise with your LLC. As a result, it is important to ensure that your registered agent consistently checks incoming correspondence and relays that information to you as the business owner.   Sometimes your business attorney will be willing to serve as your registered agent.
3. File documents. Perhaps the most important step in creating your LLC is filing the required documents. The articles of organization (referred to in some states as the certificate of formation) are usually filed with the secretary of state and include such information as the company’s name, the registered agent’s name and address, and the business’s purpose. Be aware that a company may be required to register with the secretary of state in each any state where they are operating.  Information filed with a secretary of state becomes public record, so be mindful of what information you are comfortable sharing with the world. Keep in mind that there is a fee to file these documents; however, any start-up costs and filing fees you incur are tax-deductible.
4. Get a tax identification number. Another essential step in starting an LLC is obtaining a Tax Identification Number. Your LLC’s Tax Identification Number, also known as an Employer Identification Number, is provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). After completing a successful application, the IRS assigns a unique number that links the identity of the responsible party to the business for income tax purposes.
5. Open a business bank account. After you have filed your LLC’s formation documents with the state and obtained a Tax Identification Number, you will be ready to open a business checking account. This step must not be overlooked in order to enjoy the benefits of an LLC. Maintaining this separate business checking account prevents you from commingling your personal funds with the business’s funds. Failure to maintain this separate business account could result in losing the business’s limited liability status because of a legal concept called “piercing the veil.” If this happens, you could be held personally liable for the LLC’s debts and liabilities.
6. Draft an operating agreement. You should also create an operating agreement, even if you are a single-member LLC.  This document outlines the rules and regulations governing the LLC.  It is critical that your operating agreement includes language customized for how your business is actually organized and operating and that reflects your tax status.  For example, the language of an operating agreement for a holding company will differ from an operating business and an LLC taxed as a disregarded entity, partnership, or s-corp will have different terms.

Once your LLC is formed, it is critical to remember and adhere to the compliance requirements to keep your LLC in good standing. These requirements vary by state but often involve some form of annual reporting. In Oklahoma, you are required to pay file an annual certificate certifying your basic business information, confirming that you are still operating, and pay a small annual fee. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in the suspension of your LLC and compromise your limited liability status.

We Can Help

The process of forming an LLC can be complicated and involves complex legal documents and procedures. If you need assistance forming an LLC or any other type of business structure, Littleton Legal’s experienced team of business law attorneys can help. Schedule an appointment to talk with us today by calling 918-608-1836.